Animal Testing :: Animal Testing

Is it right to take the life of an innocent animal? Animals have been burnt, crushed, sliced, electrocuted, tortured with drugs, poisoned with toxic chemicals, and tormented in psychological testing. They do all these test just to make money or find if a chemical is safe for humans. Is this right? Lab experimentation involving animals is inhumane. Animal testing is cruel because an animal s life is just as important as a human s life, people are exploiting animals, and animal testing doesn’t t show whether or not a product is safe for humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In laboratories around the world, scientists test a company s product on animals. Why do these companies test their products on animals? Many scientists would argue that it s more cost-efficient to test products on animals than on humans. Others say that they experiment on animals because animals are not as important as humans, which isn’t necessarily true. Why should humans risk the death of animals for their own benefit? What makes a human s life any more valuable than any other creature s? Every creature on earth has one life to live, a common bond that all organisms share. Who is to say that one creature should have his one life taken away from him? This is different from eating another animal for survival purposes. Scientists do not need to test their products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People are exploiting lab animals because of their inability to communicate with humans. The prominent English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, when commenting on animal testing, is quoted as having said, The question is not can they reason? nor can they talk? but can they suffer? The answer to his question is yes. Historical information from animal observations shows that animals do, in fact, suffer. Because of an animal s inability to communicate or reason, does that mean that humans have the right to decide their fate? Testing a company s product on animals doesn’t t mean that it will necessarily be safe for humans. For example, the drugs Oraflex, Selacryn, Zomax, Meritol, and Suprol have produced side effects, even death, in humans.

Business Resource Essay

With Examples, you are to describe the main physical and technological resources required in the operation of your selected organisation. In this assignment I will describe the main physical and technological resources required in the operation of Tesco. Physical Resources Physical resources are resources that the business needs to maintain in order to carry out its activities. They mainly include things like facilities, buildings, machinery and more. These are resources that are available to a business’s organisations in form of buildings and other machineries needed for the day to day running of the organisation. Tesco have many physical resources such as their toilets, buildings, trolleys, CCTV’s. Toilets is a good resource to have within a good organization as it can attract more customers to not feel rushed into shopping because they need to go toilet they can shop at their own paste and use the toilet when they feel to. Another physical resource for Tesco is the car park so customers can park within Tesco’s car park and not have to worry about receiving a ticket, or checking their time to get back to the car before they get a ticket, this will also attract more customers to shop within Tesco. A recent physical resource that Tesco has brought in is the self-checkouts; this is good for customers that want to quick shop as Tesco can be quite busy on some days they don’t want to wait in the long queues so they can use the self-checkout which is much quicker. Buildings Permanent or temporary structure enclosed within exterior walls and a roof, and including all attached apparatus, equipment, and fixtures that cannot be removed without cutting into ceiling, floors, or walls. Materials The matter from which something can be made. Material can include but is not limited to raw and processed material, components, parts, assemblies, sub-assemblies, fuels, lubricants, coolants, cleaning agents, and small tools and accessories that may be consumed directly or indirectly. Plant and machinery Like materials and buildings, each business has specific requirements for the type of plant and machinery. As Tesco don’t own factories to where they’re products are produced they pay for another company to produce their products or have suppliers. Most of Tesco’s products are from suppliers. This means even though they may not own the factory they have to pay the right amount to the suppliers for them to produce their products for them. Equipment Equipment is essential for a business to operate smoothly. Equipment is critical for profit and non-profit organisations like Tesco. In some organisations lack of equipment means a job or service cannot be carried out. Equipment is crucial for Tesco as they deal with selling a range of products from fresh food to technology and more. Within Tesco they will need tills so that people will be able to purchase products from their store. Tills help them to take payments from customer, without the tills they couldn’t take payments from customers or record profit or loss within all the Tesco stores. Also within a Tesco retail store they need to provide equipment like shelves to stock the products within the store, without the shelves and equipment to put the products on the store wouldn’t appeal to customers. On a staff level they have to provide the retail store staff with uniform. For Tesco it’s essential that the customer face staff have uniforms as it looks more professional and also it is a very big store so they must be and look professional. Technological Resources Intellectual Property Is the Knowledge, creative ideas, or expressions of human mind that have commercial value and are protectable under copyright, patent, trademark, or trade secret laws from imitation, infringement, and dilution. As Tesco designs different products they wouldn’t want other supermarket companies to copy what they have designed so they would hold intellectual property. It’s important that Tesco has intellectual property as the supermarket market is a big market and competition is tight. The intellectual designs aspect covers the features of decoration of products, such as colours, lines, materials, shape or texture. Accumulated experience and skills Accumulated experience means experience gained over a number of years when a person has to come across lots of different issues to do with the job. It’s important for Tesco to keep their employees happy as the longer they work in their position the more experience they get and become better people at their job. For Tesco to keep employees that have been working at the business for a long time and have good experience would be to pay them more. By Tesco paying the staff more they will feel more privileged and would want to stay with the business for longer. It’s important for Tesco to build employees skills but they do have to be careful not they have employees that are the only people or person to operate a piece of machinery or fix a piece of software. Key technological resources for the running of Tesco. This is because they would be unsure of what to do when in particular situations and they also wouldn’t continue to create new ideas for the organisation to ensure it continues to develop and make profit to survive. Software Tesco would invest a lot of money in software and its day-to-day use. Sometimes software will be spoke software will be designed for a business or they will use someone else’s software and pay a licence fee to use it. One  software which some internal office staff may use would be Microsoft office, excel and maybe publisher. http://www.tescosoftware.com/officelicenseagreement.php M1 – explain how the management of human, physical and technological resources can improve the performance of your selected organisation. The Human resources can improve the Tesco’s performance in many ways. There are two main processes which are looked at when managing human resources. The most important is to employ they correct people for the job, people that will carry out the job role correctly. Then the correct resources have to be provided for them so that they can carry this process out to the best of their standards. Treating these employees with care and sensitivity is important. They are not like physical or technological resources; humans need to be dealt in certain ways, as they are protected by legislations and laws. For example, In TESCO there will be a constant change of different demand of products that the customers wish to purchase, for this reason the staff will have to be trained for any of these occasions. This is how they improve their human resources. They also look at how many skills the employee has when they are searching for new employees. They will check whether that person can be used in more than one job position in that store, how many skills they consist of. Coordination of the teams in Tesco is very important in ensuring that they meet the targets that the company sets them. When all employees of the team complete their assigned roles the team will run more smoothly. It is also important that a manager is always there so that they can supervise the staff and also if there is a problem that they might not be able to handle the manager will be trained and know how to deal with the situation. By Tesco monitoring employees punctuality they can make sure that staff are on time to work. By making sure time are on staff to work the work could be done more quickly making it easier for the employee and even Tesco. This would improve the performance of the employee as they have more time to  complete the work that has been assigned to them, by Tesco also monitoring staff punctuality they can evaluate the people who have bad punctuality. From evaluating they can make a decision whether to get rid of them. This is because one person who has bad punctuality could be causing the team to be able to not get work completed etc. By having people who are always punctual it means teams and individuals can perform better which will help to improve the performance of Tesco’s customer service etc. Physical Resources Physical resources are resources that the business needs to maintain in order to carry out its activities. They mainly include things like facilities, buildings, machinery and more. These are resources that are available to a business’s organisations in form of buildings and other machineries needed for the day to day running of the organisation. All businesses including Tesco need premises where they can operate from as these buildings and environment can have a strong affect on the people that work there. For Tesco having their retail stores based in local areas the amount of customers they get is going to be a problem. It’s important that retail stores are located where they can attract customers, preferably in a populated place. Also the buildings are going to be commutable for staff to get to and not in the middle of anywhere so customers find it hard to find or travel which will put them off travelling to the store. The importance of the Tesco retail store layout is vital and for them successful as they draw in customers buy having products for them to try themselves and from there customers like the product and want to buy it. The correct equipment is essential for a business such as Tesco to operate smoothly and efficiently. Checkouts is a very important part of equipment as it re orders stock when it is running low so it saves a member of staff having to check when its running low and tick off that they need to re order. Tesco has a very good IT system, which consist of both hardware and software, which carry out their main jobs of looking after the amount of stock in the stores, the days cash intake, and many other important  functions that the company needs. Technological Resources To make sure that the employees are happy with the software they are using to do their work would be to gain feedback from them. By gaining feedback you can see whether there things that need improving to make it easier or better for the employee to use. Also by gaining feedback from employees you are making them feel part of the organisation as they have a say into what’s going on and what may need improving so that they don’t feel left out. By keeping staff happy they are more likely to stay for longer which means for Tesco that they have people who are good and have an understanding of how to use the software. By having employees who are good with working with the software it makes the process of doing work easier for them and this will overall help to boost the performance of Tesco as they have highly trained and good staff. M2:The importance of employability, and personal skills in the recruitment and retention of staff Telecommunication Sector (Alcatel Lucent) Employability and Personal Skills Employability is defined as a person’s own capability for acquiring and maintaining employment Employability depends factors like the knowledge, personal skills and abilities possessed by the individual and the way he presents those assets to employers. In other words it is the process of self assessment of an individual which can be done by himself or by some other person or agency. Importance of Employability and Personal Skills – In the Recruitment and Retention of staff : While in the process of hiring and selecting individuals in an organisation, the management has to identify a certain selection criteria. This selection criteria consists of a list of abilities and skills, in addition to certain education standard an individual must possess if he has to qualify for that position. An individual who has acquired certain skills like computer knowledge (hardware / software) will be more valuable for an organisation than the one who does not have this skill. The organisation will not have to train the individual who already has this capability. The organisation will get a â€Å"Ready Made† asset which can be utilized straight away on a project. The Alcatel can also short list those individuals with certain basic knowledge or skills in a specified field. The individuals can be trained on special task or assignment with minimum effort. For example if an individual has basic skills and knowledge of operations and maintenance of Computers then he can be trained quickly to operate and maintain small computer and telecom networks. That individual will have more value than an individual who does not possess such skills. The individual who is hired and has good background knowledge in a certain field and possesses various skills, can become a learning source of other employees in an organisation. That person can train other employees â€Å"On the Job†, with better knowledge and skills and can increase company’s productivity. Such employees are retained by the organisation If equal opportunities are provided to the employees in an organisation for learning and skill improvement, the employees always become loyal to the company and will remain with the company. In this way company will be able to retain its useful resources. Exceptions : There are certain areas in the Telecom sector where there is less need for  skills and knowledge. For example the employees who have to work on the Assembly lines of products manufacturing, they need minimum orientation on how to do their work efficiently. They may not need more skill to pack final products. For their case, it is not advisable to detach them from their work and send them for extra training. The organisation i have chosen to asses is the Alcatel Lucent. It is important for Alcatel Lucent to consider employability skills when recruiting and retaining staff as having a good balance of these skills in employees will make the organisation run smoothly and effectively. There are many different factor to consider when employing new recruits and keeping current staff such as training ,meeting targets, having the correct skills which match up the job recruitment , trust , qualifications , portraying a professional image and have excellent communication skills to liaise with fellow colleagues and the public .When recruiting and reviewing current staff personal skills employees need to have strong communication attributes . This would be required for any job as you need to be able to understand other colleagues and the customers/public. Alcatel need to consider this skills in employees as they need to communicate and understand colleagues and customers for tasks to be understood and carried out effectively.. Alcatel looks to see if their staff new recruits are hard working . This would be portrayed at inductions/ interviews for a job or in a trail period of vacancy. Employees need to be hard working / service they provide is of high quality and meets the company’s standards†¦ it is important that the Alcatel consider employees and recruits ability to work well as a team as well as individually. Staff need to work well as a team so they have an understanding of each other and so that projects and meetings are effective. When employees work effectively in a team it shows they understand each other and the work given therefore the Alcatel can run effectively as task given are being understood †¦Alcatel staff also need to be able to cope working on their own as in some aspects it saves time and money . rather than having two people carrying out one job, if possible one person doing the job while the other employee can go work in another area where help is needed. http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/M2-Business-Resource/239019

Roman Education

Essay 1 The question at hand is â€Å"According to ancient Greek rulers, historians and philosophers, what role should education and property/wealth play in determining who should govern? † In order to answer this question you must look into the very core of Greek society. To learn about Greek society I have read readings from ancient Greek historians and philosophers such as Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, and Thucydides. Plato introduced Greece to the thought of Idealism and his take on what an ideal society looks like. Aristotle believed that the way a household is ran correlates to society as a whole.Greece believed in democracy, therefore a household should be run in accordance to idealistic, democratic views. The ruler of the house, the man, has more control than the women, the women more than the slaves, and the children have no control but are considered above slaves. Aristotle thinks a man’s wealth is not always considered by his property value but by his knowledge . He said â€Å"†¦it is clear then that in household management the people are of greater importance than the material property, and their quality of more account than that of goods that make up their wealth. (Aristotle) Greek philosophers believed that in order to become a ruler you must have standards throughout your life. Aristotle said â€Å"†¦for neither life itself nor the good life is possible without a certain minimum standard of wealth. Again, for any given craft the existence of the proper tools will be the essential for the performance of its task. † Aristotle is saying that any ruler must have grown up with standards. A child’s knowledge is only as good as who is raising the child, therefore a ruler must have grown up under people who have high standards of society living.This can point us in the direction of rulers handing the throne down to sons or other family members. It seems logical to think that a person that has grown up under the supervi sion of a ruler would carry the same beliefs and ethics about society and life in Greece. This is further explained in a quote from Aristotle â€Å"Take the child: he is not yet fully developed and his function is to grow up, so we cannot speak of his virtue as belonging absolutely to him, but only in relation to the progress of his development and to whoever is in charge of him. †With power comes wealth, and wealth is very important when it comes to being a ruler that can have things done. Thucydides said â€Å"we employ wealth for use than for show. †(Thucydides) That statement alone gives way to the thought that wealth can buy you anything, even leadership. Of course Greek people believe in idealism and want their leader to be pure and believe in all their virtues. That does not mean that money cannot get you power, because it certainly does still to this day. Plato believes in more than just wealth and property. He believes in the pureness of one’s soul and their virtues.He said â€Å"†¦and they will have to watched at a very young age, in order that we may see whether they preserve their resolution, and never, under the influence and force of enchantment, forget or cast off their sense of duty to the state.. †(Plato) This is Plato’s idea of true knowledge, the thought of a soul that has a clear thought of how to rule a society. When it comes down to it knowledge is more important in picking a ruler, but wealth plays a bigger role in placing a person in the position of getting picked. The Greek philosophers agree that knowledge of idealistic beliefs is more important idealistically in picking a ruler.

Segmentation criteria for 2 products bottled water and breakfast cereal.

Segmentation criteria for 2 products bottled water and breakfast cereal. Marketing. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢Segmentation criteria for 2 products bottled water and breakfast cereal.Marketers segment markets because it helps them to match their products better to their customers, as every customer is different (age, sex, etc.) and has differing needs and wants dividing the market into segments helps the marketer focus on these subgroups leading to a 'target market'.This target market can then be selected and a marketing mix can be made especially for them. This can save a business time and money as it can be planned well as it is aimed straight at potential customers. Also a greater understanding of who these customers are and what their needs are can enable the business to gain a competitive advantage.This is different from undifferentiated marketing where one marketing mix is made for the whole market (mass marketing). (Brassington Pettitt, 2006).Consumer markets can be segmented in a few ways to group together customers with similar characteristics and needs.Englis h: Images of bottled waterMore than one segmentation variable can be used (multivariable segmentation.). ¢Ã‚€Â ¢Geographic location - This is based on that certain characteristics of people are assumed to be similar within certain countries and regions i.e. religion / culture. They will be affected by the same climate, may have similar income and influenced by the natural geography of the area and country. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢Demographically - This is based on the different characteristics found within the population. Age (e.g. clothing) and gender (e.g. beauty products). Family size (e.g. size of products) and Ethnic background (e.g. food). Life cycle stage (e.g. types of holidays, Saga /Club18-30). ¢Ã‚€Â ¢Psychographic and Behavioural - This is based on what people think and how this affects how they want to live their lives.Social class, this can be divided by social stratification showing differences in purchasing power and patterns of behaviour.

Why Computers are Important in my Life essays

Why Computers are Important in my Life essays As each us of look at our lives, do we realize the importance of these electronic mechanisms we call computers? I shall now endeavor to elaborate upon how these mind tools have, and continue to affect me. Every morning, I awake to the awkward squawking of my alarm clock. Much to my dismay, I groggily smack the off button and crawl out of bed. My first encounter of the day has just occurred. That small black box that faithfully rouses me, is a simple microcomputer. If it were not for this device, many days I would arrive late to class. During the process of dressing myself, I strap a watch to my wrist. This little timepiece is quite useful, reminding me of deadlines and appointments. Inside my watch, believe it or not, is yet another microcomputer. Moving on, I begin to prepare a meal. In my kitchen are several devices that are in some fashion controlled by computers. For example, let us examine the microwave. The microwave contains a microprocessor and memory. These work together to maintain an accurate clock, as well as an efficient food preparatory system. Information is input to the microwave by use of the external touch pad, this data is stored and processed in the memory and processor as it completes its task. Another activity that I may do is listen to a compact disc. CD players have decoders that interpret the microscopic pits and dents on the surface of a CD into music. This decoded information is then converted into sound and amplified to produce the desired sounds. Still another event that requires the use of computers is checking e-mail. I daily communicate with friends by the use of electronic mail. The lists of occurrences that take place for me to be able to do this are much too complicated to explain now, so I will only briefly outline this process. To start with, my personal computer must be functional and be able to communicate with a remote server. When this takes place, all of my outb...

Real Gas Definition and Examples

Real Gas Definition and Examples A real gas is a gas that does not behave as an ideal gas due to interactions between gas molecules. A real gas is also known as a nonideal gas because the behavior of a real gas in only approximated by the ideal gas law. When Real Gases Differ From Ideal Gases Usually, its fine to use the ideal gas law to make calculations for gases. However, the approximation gives considerable error at very high pressure, near the critical point, or near the condensation point of a gas. Unlike ideal gases, a real gas is subject to: Van der Waals forcesCompressibility effectsNon-equilibrium thermodynamic effectsVariable specific heat capacityVariable composition, including molecular dissociation and other chemical reactions Real Gas Example While cool air at ordinary pressure behaves like an ideal gas, increasing its pressure or temperature increases the interactions between molecules, resulting in real gas behavior that cannot be predicted reliably using the ideal gas law. Sources Cengel, Yunus A. and Michael A. Boles (2010). Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach (7th Ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 007-352932-X.Xiang, H. W. (2005). The Corresponding-States Principle and its Practice: Thermodynamic, Transport and Surface Properties of Fluids. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-045904-2.

What role can and Should HRM play in an organization that is seeking Essay

What role can and Should HRM play in an organization that is seeking to expand its international operations - Essay Example As the individuals working for the company in different locations are likely to come from different cultures, the culture of the company itself can only be established with good HR policies and effective HR management (Hollinshead & Leat, 1995). As defined by Ozbilgin (2005), International HRM is the practice of getting the maximum business value from human assets which are distributed across the world working under the umbrella of a single company. Historically, the cultural differences between the home office and the branch office located in a different country meant that sooner or later HR managers had to face the problem of culture clash which is defined as different cultures affecting work processes and workflow (Faulkner, D. 2002). In the past, these cultural differences were largely ignored and it was thought that the culture of the company would prevail while the culture of the country where the company was located would not matter as much (Kamoche, 1996). However, recent evaluations have shown that culture conflicts might need to be actively countered and could even be used to motivate workers rather than put various managers in conflict (Bartlett & Ghoshal, 1998). With these definitions and with the help of practical examples as well as expert opinions, it can be shown that the role played by HRM in an organisation that is seeking to expand its international operations is a twofold role. Firstly, HRM can help the arms of an organisation (both local and branch offices) come to terms with each other in view of their different cultures. Secondly, HRM can help and should help in creating policies which are localised for international operations. The central cultural difference that exists between the UK and a culture such as China or India comes from the very basis of the culture i.e. language. While the predominant language in the UK is English, it may not be used as the lingua franca in China since it is only learnt as a second language.